Should We Learn About It - 852 Words

Introduction There are many issues today involving genetics and inheritances; therefore, I want to introduce this subject to students and allow them the opportunity to learn about it. Before students begin this genetics unit they should have a basic understanding of DNA, cellular reproduction, and the process of mitosis and meiosis. Additionally, this unit will contain activities that require students to employ critical and higher order thinking skills; I believe these skills can prepare students for the kinds of issues they may encounter in the world in the future. According to the Next Generation Science Standards which are endorsed by the National Science Teachers Association, students should be able to analyze and interpret data to provide evidence that plants and animals have traits inherited from parents and that variation of these traits exists in other organisms. Moreover, students should be able to ask questions that clarify the role DNA and chromosomes have in coding the instructions for characteristics passed from parents to offspring (NGSS, 2016). Recognizing that even the simplest genetic cross requires combining inferences about two complex processes which are how genetic traits are inherited through meiosis and mating and how these traits interact to produce the external differences that are seen in parents and offspring. Additionally, students should have opportunities to learn the basic concepts of genetics that provide an increased understanding ofShow MoreRelatedWhy Should We Learn About It?849 Words   |  4 PagesSTATEMENT OF PURPOSE Introduction There are many issues today involving genetics and inheritances; therefore, I want to introduce this subject to students and allow them the opportunity to learn about it. Before students begin this genetics heredity unit they should have a basic understanding of DNA, cellular reproduction, and the process of mitosis and meiosis. Additionally, this unit will contain activities that require students to expound upon critical and higher order thinking skills; I believeRead MoreWhy Did Jesus Use Parables to Convey Much of His Teaching? What Can We Learn from This About How We Should Communicate ‘Good News’ to the People Around Us?1131 Words   |  5 PagesWhat can we learn from this about how we should communicate ‘good news’ to the people around us? Introduction to the Gospels 23/02/2009 The Gospels of the New Testament contain 39 different parables told by Jesus (Phillips 2004, 18-19) and no doubt he spoke many more during his ministry. Jesus’ choice to use parables to teach his people is one that has intrigued many people throughout history. The aim of this essay is to get to discover why he chose to use those parables, and also what we can learnRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1335 Words   |  6 Pagesenjoyed learning about the different philosophies and psychological influences of teaching, I prefer constructivism, social reconstruction, and progressivism due to their student-centered learning, hands-on or project based learning style, while making efforts to improve the world around them. I will be discussing why I chose progressivism, social reconstruction, and constructivism as my preferences, as well as the role of teachers and students in a democracy, how students learn, the subject matterRead MoreShould We Pay A House?1626 Words   |  7 PagesPeople always focused on their looks and not enough focused on education. It’s like all they care about is being beautiful instead of trying to learn. They were too concerned about learning how to be prettier, and not at all concerned about education. I mean, as they get older, they re going to have to know about things to get a job. They also need to know what to do in the future, for example, when they become an adult,Read MoreThe State Of Texas Is Not At Its Best Right Now914 Words   |  4 Pages I believe that Texas should be at the top of public education not only in the country, but in the world. We should change how and what teacher are teaching to students. Now days we go to school to memorize keywords so we can graduate and get a diploma. After that, some students that don’t go to college don’t reuse the information that was taught to them for four years, so basically t he schools wasted resources and money, and students lost time. I believe we can and should strike for greatness andRead MoreNotes On Philosophy : Idealism1211 Words   |  5 PagesChapter: 2 Philosophy: Idealism Description of the Philosophy Idealism states that our ideas are the true reality and are spiritual. At birth, even at conception, we have all the knowledge we will ever have. The ideas are already inactive in our minds, but through questioning, we can bring them into our consciousness. Idealists believe we use our experiences to interpret our spiritual knowledge – the truth. The truth never changes but stays the same regardless of culture or era. Every human had a soulRead MoreBenefits Of Technology Being Used By Children Within Education900 Words   |  4 PagesSo far I have looked mostly at the benefits of technology being used by children within education and how it can help on several platforms and levels, but what about the negatives? Is the age of the screen more of a hindrance to our productivity and does this distract us from our learning?†¨In the 19th century when the system was designed, learning and schooling were the most interesting thing children did, there was very little distractions outside of learning besides friends and chores. NowadaysRead More My Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagesin the classroom. Then we have teachers who do not even really care what is going on in the classroom. The way that these teachers, and so many more, teach is a result of their personal philosophies on education. Before you can decide how you want to run your classroom, you need to remember that not all students learn in the same way. Some learn by doing things on their own, while others learn better in groups. Some students learn with rote memorization and others learn from doing. Every classroomRead MoreLittle Boy Crying and Rising Five636 Words   |  3 PagesLittle Boy Crying Rising Five Essay Little Boy Crying by Mervyn Morris and Rising Five written by Norman Nicholson are both about young boys growing up and describing their world to us. They both do this through the use of metaphors, similes, repetition and allusion. They both portray the idea differently but the meanings are the same, the fact that we must learn life lessons. The theme of growing up is also portrayed throughout the poems. In the poem Rising Five written by Norman NicholsonRead MoreIs It A Gift Or A Blessing?957 Words   |  4 Pagesreasons why Christian students attend college, it shouldn’t be the only reason. After all, college is truly is a gift and a blessing. As Christians, we can apply learning in context to God. God wants us to excel and do our very best, serve others, and live our lives in according to his will. A perfect opportunity to fulfill his commands is to learn and apply the knowledge. This can mean applying the knowledge and skills even after college. For example, my major is nursing. I am learning the skills

Education Analysis Paper Free Essays

â€Å"The popular notion of what it’s like to teach in urban America is dominated by two extremes† (Michie, 1999, p. xxi). Gregory Michie succeeds admirably in rendering his teaching experiences in the complicated reality between two extremes in his book Holler If You Hear Me: The Education of a Teacher and His Students. We will write a custom essay sample on Education Analysis Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many people hear about the horror stories, portrayed by the media mainly, that schools in urban America are nothing short of chaos; uneducated and uninterested kids. Then there are other stories that are rarely heard of, about the one teacher who makes the difference in such a school. Michie’s account in his book skillfully avoids the simplification either extreme would demand. Holler if You Hear Me touches on a variety of the fundamental challenges of teaching: classroom discipline, teacher frustration, racial and ethnic differences, student apathy, relationships with students and with other teachers, and the list goes on. Throughout the book, Michie balances his tales of struggle with moments of joyous success. Not surprisingly, the successes are often related to the development of deeper connections between teacher and student. This aspect is so detrimental to the educational system. As teachers we need to make that connection with our students. To not do so would be taking away from their experience as a student as well as ours as teachers. Isn’t this why we teach to begin with? This goal may seem high considering you have to add on top of curriculum, standards, rowdy students, the personal connection of teacher and student. It may seem this way, but if it’s not set, then everything else does not seem worth the trouble at all. Esme Codell states my beliefs on this topic beautifully: â€Å"The goal is not necessarily to succeed but to keep trying, to be the kind of person who has ideas and sees them through† (Codell, 1999, p. 5). I may not succeed in reaching every student I teach, but if the effort is made on my part, if I set this goal and try to see it through, then at least I know I did not give up. There are so many situations that Michie was in where I felt he should just let it go, don’t try because it’s not going to work out, especially so in the story where Reggie was attacked by a local police officer, but he didn’t (Michie, 1999, p. 46). As I was thinking about this, I wouldn’t have gone through the trouble of seeing this man brought to justice, although in the end he wasn’t. Michie wasn’t even there, but he knew if something wasn’t done, this would affect the way Reggie grew up and viewed life. It is this kind of dedication that inspires me to keep going to classes and writing papers. I want to help students to see our world in a different light. Joel Spring stated in his book, American Education, â€Å"the school will continue to be used in efforts to solve social, political, and economic problems† (Spring, 2004). The purpose of public schooling is to prepare today’s children for tomorrow’s problems. It is important not only to teachers and students, but also to the community as a whole. If the communities where these children are being raised see the teachers that teach their kids really do care, the implications are endless. Things could change, especially so for urban American communities. I know these are high hopes, but again, if I don’t set them, how will I even begin to see them through. Being a teacher means I must strive to connect with my students. I have to see beyond my basic responsibilities as a teacher and bring the students to the fore-front of my life. It is the little moments of success that will bring such a connection to our relationships with our students. â€Å"It’s a teachable moment that got away, just one of many that I’ve knowingly let slip through my fingers† (Michie, 1999, p. 102). Michie presents his victories with a genuine modesty that comes from the experience of other, less effective teaching moments, but these moments are not always successful. Michie’s reported mistakes and difficulties are some of the most instructive parts of the book. As a prospective teacher, I have to understand the reality of life that not all teachable moments are going to be seen through. Sometimes they are lost and Michie has opened my eyes to such an existence. The only difference is that I hope I do not â€Å"knowingly† allow this to happen. At times, though, I wanted to hear even more introspection from the author about the reasoning behind his actions or why he thinks a particular moment worked well or did not work at all. It was frustrating when there was no follow up on something as important as â€Å"a teachable moment being lost† (Michie, 1999, p, 102). It is apathy such as this that makes going into the teaching field frustrating. The Corridor of Shame is a prime example of a cold detachment of interest. Nobody really cares for the students who live out there along the highway, but who is suffering? The students are. Do people even know what’s going on in our state? I didn’t until I watched this film. What kind of message is this sending to our nation? What’s behind the motives of leaving schools such as these left out to die? Politics? Hidden agendas? Who knows? What is important is that we ask these questions and put forth an effort to find the answers. We need to find out why teachers, administrators, parents, etc. allow schools to be lost. Essentially these schools are if you think about it. A school that is neglected is an entire lifetime of teachable moments being lost. Holler If You Hear Me contains powerful stories of Michie’s first years as a teacher in public elementary and middle schools on Chicago’s South Side. Each chapter begins with a story told by Michie, followed by the reflections of one of his former students who were at the fore-front of each story. Michie’s purpose in this alternating format is to â€Å"shed light on the education of a teacher† and â€Å"to allow space for my students to speak their minds, tell their stories, raise their voices† (Michie, 1999, p. xxi). I really enjoyed these first-person reflections because it made Michie’s students come alive for me regardless of how insightful and caring the author’s descriptions might be. It was different and refreshing. As I was reading this book, I was able to empathize as well as sympathize with both teacher and student. This type of narration allowed me to see past the words written and see the person behind the font. Since Michie’s book does not follow one classroom or group of students throughout its entirety, the student reflections serve to deepen my understanding of certain students but also to encourage me to wonder about the future lives of each student that Michie mentions. This part was actually where I was disappointed. I felt that I was ‘left hanging,’ there was no resolution. Some of the stories did not need this, but I felt that if he thought the student’s story was significant enough to be talked about, then he should have let us readers have a clue as to how they ended up. Michie’s concern for and commitment to his students shines in Holler If You Hear Me, and his questioning, wonderment, frustration, passion, and humor pulled me along this journey of embodied education. Michie was in fact the miracle-worker that no one hears about in a world where chaos is synonymous with life in general for those who went to school in urban Chicago. Although he lived in such extreme realities, his ability to clearly display his experiences in no way was diminished in his book. While many of the issues raised are familiar, Michie’s book is one of ordinary inspiration that will appeal to both teachers and students. Works Cited Codell, E. (1999). Educating esme: Diary of a teacher’s first years. In A. S. Canestrari B. A. Marlowe (Eds. ) Educational foundations: An anthology of critical readings (pp. 3-7). Sage Publications. Michie, G. (1999). Holler if you hear me: The education of a teacher his students. New York: Teachers College Press. Documentary from class: Corridors of Shame Handout from class: Joel Spring: The Purposes of Public Schooling How to cite Education Analysis Paper, Papers

Growing Up Wired Social Networking Sites †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Growing Up Wired Social Networking Sites? Answer: Introducation Life transitions are their related human relationships have always been under focus for nursing research. The reason is that there is a wide scope for finding new methods by which nurses can integrate elements of human relationships in their care delivery (Feldman, 2016). As highlighted by the authors, each stage of life span is to be analysed on the basis of its set of milestones to come up with appropriate care delivery. The different theories of human development are crucial in this regard. The essay written in here discusses the social and cognitive developmental milestones of the three-year-old child Jack who is enrolled in day care unit for twice a week for five hours. The works of theorists Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson are the basis of this essay. The importance of understanding life stages for a nurse is also highlighted in the paper. The first theory of human development that is considered in this discussion is the theory of cognitive development that had been put forward by the famous psychologist Jean Piaget. Through this theory, Piaget aimed at analysing the development of human intelligence (Jehan Butt, 2015). The theory, also known as development stage theory goes on to explain how humans develop their knowledge and apply them for the carrying out regular activities. Kail (2015) highlight that a child of three years falls under Preoperational Stage that revolves around children of age between two and seven years. In this stage, a child is starting to develop cognitive skills and language skills develop properly at this stage only. A child is seen to demonstrate the ability to speak in complete sentences, thereby expressing his feelings and thoughts to a better degree. Language development is perhaps the most distinct feature of this stage. At this conject of life span, a chid is capable of symbolising thing s as they tend to be more mature. The authors further highlight that a child who is more than two years old can create an identity for himself and engage in a make-belief action. Caution is to be taken while dealign with the child and helping him to understand the differences between his caregiver and those who are not as a chid might become egocentric and not respond desirably to all individuals. Concerning the present case study, the concern that comes into the light is that Jack has not been able to achieve adequate language development as per the milestone mentioned in the Preoperational Stage. This is evident from the fact that Jack speaks in sentences that have two to three words and no longer than that. He is also found to be babbling most of the time, indicating that he wants to express himself but is not able to do so due to certain constraints. The other factor that might be related to babbling is growing egocentric nature. The child might be suffering from feelings of rejection and loneliness, in the absence of his mother, Vanessa. The second theory of human development that is considered in this discussion is the theory of social development that had been put forward by the famous psychologist Erik Erikson. As per this theory, the lifespan of an individual is divided into eight stages, of which the stage involving children aged between two and four years is concerned about the high calibre of will. At this stage, the power to socialise is strong, and an enhanced sense of imagination puts the child in a position to understand and perceive the surrounding environment. A childs social and emotional development includes an emerging awareness of self and others (Shapiro Margolin, 2014). As opined by Sigelman and Rider (2014) a child at this age is capable of controlling his eliminative function and other similar motor abilities. The only criteria for this development is a strong care support from parents, especially mother. In the continual presence of the mother, children gain their own autonomy. Learning is cont inual if support is also continual and not hampered by physical separation. A child would be ready to explore the world if there is a foundation of encouragement from the mother since a child perceives the mother to be the prime source of care. In relation to the present case study, it is seen that Jac, though has attained the age of three years, has still not in a position to showcase appropriate toileting skills, unlike others. The fact of the case is that Vanessa, Jacks mother, puts him into day care for two days in a week, creating physical separation from him. The impact of this has been constraints in the development of toileting skils for Jack. The death of support and encouragement from his mother has limited the development of this social skill. Jack has not become self-sufficient in the absence of his mother and is not confident about demonstrating the skills his mother had been trying to teach him at home. Chances are high that Jack is lacking social skills to communicate with the nurse at the care unit and therefore the care received at the unit is of less significance pertaining to his development. The interrelationship between cognitive and social development has been much studied in the literature. A childs experiences when he is between thee age of two and five years effects profoundly his actions in a consequent manner. The manner in which children respond to the environment, and the ability and eagerness to form trusted relationships are driven by both social and cognitive development. Cognitive development and social development are interlinked, with each impacting different actions of the child. As language skills develop and the child is better able to express himself, he is able to demonstrate his social skills in a better manner. In addition, if a child has learnt to think in a complex manner, he might be altering the social skills he had learnt (Bremner, 2017). Olds (2016) threw light upon the importance of a nurse to understand human relationships and life transitions. While caring for a child, it is imperative that the nurse has complete knowledge of the transition phase the child is in. The age of 2-6 years has been indicated to be crucial for a childs development as major changes in physical, social and cognitive abilities are witnessed at this stage. for a nurse to care for a child at this age group the essence of safe care delivery lies in his ability to allow the life transition theories guide the nursing practice. In a fast-paced day care unit, the goal of care would be to provide personalised care, and this is possible only when there is an increased understanding of the benchmark that the child had to attain. As human relationships are of prime importance in every childs life, a nurse must explore the perception of the child about such relationships in order to care for him. The above essay draws the attention of the readers onto the role of nurses in caring for children who aim to achieve certain cognitive and social milestones according to their age. Human development is explained through a number of theories, of which the theory of the social development of Erikson and theory cognitive development of Piaget are of prime importance. For a nurse to deliver optimal quality care for the child, it is imperative that these theories are understood adequately. References Bremner, J. G. (2017).An introduction to developmental psychology. John Wiley Sons. Feldman, R. S. (2016).Development across the life span. Pearson. Jehan, S., Butt, M. N. (2015). Attainment of conservation ability among primary school children in the light of Piagets cognitive theory.VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences,5(1). Kail, R. V. (2015).Children and their development. Pearson Higher Ed. Olds, D. (2016). Building evidence to improve maternal and child health.The Lancet,387(10014), 105-107. Shapiro, L. A. S., Margolin, G. (2014). Growing up wired: Social networking sites and adolescent psychosocial development.Clinical child and family psychology review,17(1), 1-18. Sigelman, C. K., Rider, E. A. (2014).Life-span human development. Cengage Learning.

Pricing Essay Example

Pricing Essay Company is a business division of a mid-sized company focused on manufacturing and selling a high quality consumer electronic device through high-end marketing channels such as specialty shops and exclusive department stores. These specialty outlets advise and educate customers about the desirable features of different electronic devices. Elektra charges on average 500 per unit to its distributors, who mark it up to 899 when selling to retail customers. After many years of high sales, Elektra sales in the last year had slumped to 150,000 units per year using only 75 of its manufacturing capacity. The decline in demand was because of fast changing technologies and consumer habits, and the recent introduction of a new generation of the electronic device had not increased sales appreciably. Consequently, Elektra senior management believes it is unlikely that the demand for its products will increase significantly in the next three years until conditions improve substantially and Elektra and its high-end competitors introduce the next generation technology. Nonetheless, they remained confident about the long term prospects of their product. Elektra has recently received a proposal from Megawatt Stores, Inc. A leading national chain of discount retail stores. Megawatt wants to buy Elektra product of the same quality as that sold at present through specialty retailers. Megawatt has offered to purchase 50,000 units annually for a three-year period at 374 per unit. It cannot pay a higher price because it plans to retail the product at only 549. While costs are not expected to increase, an inflation clause will allow Elektra to pass on exogenous cost increases. We will write a custom essay sample on Pricing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pricing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pricing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer After extensive negotiations, Megawatt has made a take-it-or-leave-it offer and threatened to explore other strategic partners n case Elektra does not accept its offer. Although Megastars offer is 25 below Elektra normal price, it may be attractive for Elektra to be an early mover in the low- end market because Elektra has considerable surplus capacity, and the Megawatt contract may allow it to accumulate experience in what may emerge as the dominant segment of the market. Elektra variable product costs for sales through its present high-end distribution channel are estimated to be 300, including direct materials 150, direct labor 60, variable manufacturing overhead 70, and sales commission 20 at 4 of sales price. Annual fixed overhead costs are 17,000,000, and are not expected to increase with the increased production required if the Megawatt offer is accepted. By scaling down to a capacity of 150,000 units from the present 200,000, however, Elektra would be able to save about of the annual fixed costs. Variable costs for the Megawatt order are expected to be similar. Direct material costs, however, will increase by 10 because of special casing and packaging with embossing of Megastars private label logo instead of the Elektra brand name. Also, variable costs for the Megawatt order will exclude the 4 commission normally paid to the ales staff because no salesperson is involved in sales to Megawatt. Some Elektra executives are concerned that when customers comparison shop they will find the same quality device as Elektra own brand name product sold through specialty retailers. If the devices are available at a much lower price at Megawatt Stores, many price conscious customers may buy the devices at Megawatt instead of the specialty retailers. Elektra senior managers are very confident that no more than 6 of Elektra present sales will be lost because of the comparison shopping if Megastars proposal is accepted. Comparison shoppers are price conscious customers who shop around to find the cheapest product with the requisite level of quality. Most of Elektra customers are quality enthusiasts who visit only the specialty shops to evaluate the features of different products, rather than the price, before making their purchase decision. Elektra top management is more concerned about these quality enthusiasts but does not believe any of them would shop at Megawatt. If 6 of Elektra high-end channel sales are cannibalized, total sales will be 191,000 units including 50,000 units sold through Megawatt, but no reduction will be possible in axed costs. Another group of Elektra executives is concerned about selling at a discounted price the same quality products as the products sold at present through specialty retailers, and the impact that such a move will have on the special relationship that has been cultivated with the high-end retailers. These executives believe that sales may decrease if the specialty retailers do not push the Elektra brand product as much as its competitors products. Megawatt has insisted on nothing but the best quality product that Elektra sells at present through the peculiarly retailers, and will withdraw its offer otherwise. New technology is developed by Elektra(and also its competitors) on a three-year cycle to increase the value of the product to high-end customers. An alternative considered by Elektra is to invest more on RD immediately and bring the new technology to the market within a year. The fixed and variable cost structure is not expected to change significantly for the new Reproduced with permission from the faculty product that incorporates the new technology. Some Elektra executives are concerned that accelerating the RD may exult in more defects creeping in the product and some complementary products provided by other suppliers not being ready. This increased the risk of customers being dissatisfied with the new generation and hurts Elektra reputation. However, because the new product will likely be substantially more useful to the high-end customers, Elektra could replace the existing product with the new product in the specialty retail channel. By accelerating the new technology, Elektra is not likely to gain significant market share in the specialty channel as competitors will try and attach Elektra technology as soon as possible by introducing their new models with the new technology early. Required What will be the annual profit if the Megawatt offer is rejected What will be the increase or decrease in its annual profit if it accepts Megastars offer Should Elektra accept Megastars proposal What strategic factors should be considered in evaluating the Megawatt offer Should Elektra agree to having its product branded as a Megawatt product and incur the additional 10 increase in direct materials cost How attractive is the potential opportunity to accumulate experience in the low-end market through the proposed strategic alliance with Megawatt Should Elektra accelerate the development of the new technology and bring it to market within a year Is there a difference between the sales lost due to centralization of price-sensitive customers and the sales lost because specially retailers may no longer push Elektra products if Elektra accepts the Megawatt offer Reproduced with permission from the faculty September 2012. Professor Rajah D. Banker prepared this case to provide a b asis for class discussion.

Top 7 Affordable Universities around the World to Study Management

Top 7 Affordable Universities around the World to Study Management Top 7 Affordable Universities around the World to Study Management A management degree will help you in almost any career, and almost any part of the world too. You will learn how to manage a group of employees and bring out the best of them. And who wouldn’t want to do that? But you don’t want to waste all your future income on expensive student loan debt or find yourself chronically broke during your years as a student. You need a degree program that’s excellent but also affordable. Here are our picks for the top 10 most affordable universities in the world to study management. Colorado State University-Global Campus. The Bachelor’s in Science in Business Management, consisting of 11 courses and 120 credit hours, can be earned entirely online. Choose a concentration in business administration, finance, marketing, or project management. Tuition is $8400 a year. The University of Dundee. The innovative Business Management BSc program at Dundee boasts courses taught by experts in the field and hands-on practice at financial institutions. They encourage the study of areas that are becoming increasingly important in today’s world, such as Human Rights Management and Managing Change. Students in the UK will pay  £9,250 per year for three years of a four-year degree. For all others, costs vary. Northeastern University. Another great online program, the Bachelor’s in Business Management at Northeastern University is certified by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. You can even achieve your degree in just 18 months, using their â€Å"Fast Track† option. Undergraduate tuition is from $796 to $1,518 per year. Indian River State College. This college offers its Bachelor of Applied Science in Organizational Management completely online. A low student-faculty ratio means you can be assured of getting all the attention and extra help you need, despite the online format. It has also been ranked 4th of the most affordable colleges in the US. Tuition is $2,764 per year for in-state and $10,201 for out-of-state students. The University of Bath. Bath’s School of Management ranks first for Marketing and second for Business and Management Studies in the UK. It is also renowned for its marketing research. In addition, it is among only 1% of schools in the world to be accredited by EQUIS, the quality improvement system run by the European Foundation for Management Development. Fees are  £15,200 for the arts and  £19,000 for laboratory subjects. The University of Alabama at Birmingham. The school’s online Bachelor of Science in Management from the Collat School of Business allows you to concentrate in Operations Management, Leadership, or Business and Society (to name just a few). Tuition varies from $793 to $938. Thomas Edison State College. This program is perfect for you if you need to continue working while earning your management degree. It prides itself on flexibility and on rigorous, high-quality curriculum. Students choose an area of study that reflects the field they want to enter; the list is extensive, including Accounting, Human Resources, Operations Management, and many others. Tuition is $8395. With any of these universities, you will gain the skills and knowledge you need to succeed in the management career without breaking the bank. Our company offers reliable Management essay writing service for university students all over the world.

Statistics for Leap Day on February 29

Statistics for Leap Day on February 29 The following explore different statistical aspects of a leap year.  Leap years have one extra day due to an astronomical fact about the earth’s revolution around the sun.  Almost every four years it’s a leap year. It takes roughly 365 and one-quarter days for the earth to revolve around the sun, however, the standard calendar year lasts only 365 days. Were we to ignore the extra quarter of a day, strange things would eventually happen to our seasons - like winter and snow in July in the northern hemisphere. To counteract the accumulation of additional quarters of a day, the Gregorian calendar adds an extra day of February 29 nearly every four years. These years are called leap years, and February 29th is known as leap day. Birthday Probabilities Assuming that birthdays are spread uniformly throughout the year, a leap day birthday on February 29 is the least probable of all birthdays. But what is the probability and how could we calculate it? We start by counting the number of calendar days in a four-year cycle. Three of these years have 365 days in them. The fourth year, a leap year has 366 days. The sum of all of these is 365365365366 1461. Only one of these days is a leap day. Therefore the probability of a leap day birthday is 1/1461. This means that less than 0.07% of the world’s population was born on a leap day. Given current population data from the U.S. Census Bureau, only about 205,000 people in the U.S. have a February 29th birthday. For the world‘s population approximate 4.8 million have a February 29th birthday. For comparison, we can just as easily calculate the probability of a birthday on any other day of the year. Here we still have a total of 1461 days for every four years. Any day other than February 29 occurs four times in four years. Thus these other birthdays have a probability of 4/1461. The decimal representation of the first eight digits of this probability is 0.00273785. We could have also estimated this probability by calculating 1/365, one day out of the 365 days in a common year. The decimal representation of the first eight digits of this probability is 0.00273972. As we can see, these values match each other up to five decimal places. No matter which probability we use, this means that around 0.27% of the worlds population was born on a particular non-leap day. Counting Leap Years Since the institution of the Gregorian calendar in 1582, there have been a total of 104 leap days. Despite the common belief that any year that is divisible by four is a leap year, it’s not really true to say that every four years is a leap year. Century years, referring to years that end in two zeros such as 1800 and 1600 are divisible by four, but may not be leap years.  These century years count as leap years only if they are divisible by 400. As a result, only one out of every four years that end in two zeros is a leap year. The year 2000 was a leap year, however, 1800 and 1900 were not. The years 2100, 2200 and 2300 will not be leap years. Mean Solar Year The reason that 1900 was not a leap year has to do with the precise measurement of the average length of earth’s orbit. The solar year, or amount of time that it takes the earth to revolve around the sun, varies slightly over time. it is possible and helpful to find the mean of this variation.   The mean length of revolution is not 365 days and 6 hours, but instead 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes and 12 seconds. A leap year every four years for 400 years will result in three too many days being added during this time period. The century year rule was instituted to correct this overcounting.

Reasearch Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Reasearch - Research Paper Example Diffusion can lead to changes in cultural practices, which will eventually influence spatial distribution. Cultural is the accepted way of life within a particular group of people. It includes food, clothing, practices and beliefs. Currently, the world is full of many different cultures. However, the dominant cultures trace their origins in cultural hearths. Seven locations have been identified as the point of origin for the dominant cultures in the world (Blij et al, 2011). These locations include the Nile River Valley, Indus River valley, Wei-Huang Valley, Ganges River Valley, Andean, Mesopotamia, and West Africa. It is the cradle of Chinese civilization. The valley is where the earliest Chinese irrigation works started. The capital of Chinese major dynasties like Qin, Zhou, Tang and Han were found along this valley. Trade in the valley began in the form of barter trade, which eventually developed as innovation gained ground. It is believed that the Wei River is the ancient Jiang River, which is associated with the early development of agriculture (Pitzl, 2004). The Nile is a critical component of both ancient and modern Egypt. The Nile River is the longest river in the world; it flows from the mountains to the Mediterranean. The river has been responsible for supporting many lives for thousands of years. It has shaped many cultures in the region. The earliest forms of civilization in Egypt are associated with the Nile. The river made agriculture possible, which is the reason ancient Egypt was able to make strides in civilization. The Nile River valley is where the Egyptian culture flourished. It is responsible for the development of Kingdoms of West Africa. Agricultural breakthroughs were made by these kingdoms. The development in this area was influenced by the breakthroughs experienced by the people Southeast Asia and the Nile valley. It had agricultural communities its northern part by

Performance Management Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Performance Management Paper - Essay Example Coaching can be very effective in eliminating workplace conflicts, cementing relationships and having teams focus on their core work hence achieve the set objectives. To effectively coach my team, I will focus a lot on developing interpersonal skills and improving interactions instead of developing individuals. This is because the way individuals act and communicate with each other are crucial factors that drive effective performance in the team. One guiding principle in my team training therefore has to be team work, learning to work with colleagues and understanding to relate with others. To begin off, I must understand team dynamics; it is obvious that all of us have our own ways of working and communicating hence one can really be frustrated if not understood by colleagues. The objective is to have team members come together, discuss their personal profiles and assist them devise means to work together. Once managers understand this then they definitely do the same even with the junior most employees. Another guiding point in team training is establishing behaviour expectations; understanding the perspectives of others can greatly improve performance and relationships. But there must be some ground rules guiding the team members as they work to accomplish set goals. Having a very clear behaviour code and communication expectation is thus very important. Another key point of training is evaluating rewards and recognitions systems. It is very common for values held by different individuals to compete and hinder effective performance in teams. As the manager, it will be my role to determine any sources of competition in values and devise ways to fix the same. Supporting individual performance is another essential point in team coaching as some members may require to be supported in learning new skills so as to meet team expectations. Readiness for

Learning Team Reflection Essay Example for Free

Learning Team Reflection Essay This past week, our team has been going over and reflecting on four main objectives. These main objectives are differentiating between accrual basis and cash basis accounting, the process of creating adjusting entries, and adjusted trial balances. We will also collectively discuss our opinions of what would be the most important skills learned in an accounting position. In accordance to week three’s objectives, I would have to say that everything that we have gone over is essential to our success in future accounting positions, however, we feel that the most important skill is to be able to accurately record the inflow (revenue earned) and the outflow (expenses: utilities, etc. ) of monies. Accural vs. Cash Basis Accounting According to the readings, accrual basis accounting is defined as in which companies record, in the periods in which the events occur, transactions that change a companys financial statements, even if cash was not exchanged. In other words, it means that recorded or un-recorded, all transactions are taken and projected into the overall balance. Cash Basis Accounting basis in which a company records revenue only when it receives cash, and an expense only when it pays out cash. This means that this means of accounting, only takes accountability of the physical cash that is at a physical location. The differences, Accural is all transactions whether recorded, unrecorded, or projected. Cash is the physical monies on hand at a physical location and does not record earnings until payments are actually made. Create adjusting entries This week we have been given a lot of practice on how to create adjusting entries to financial documents and internal financial â€Å"memos† (such as balance sheets). There are five types of adjusting entries: Accrued revenues – making adjustments to a service that has been performed but not billed. 1. Accrued expenses – expenses such as wages paid to an employee. 2. Unearned revenues – payments for goods or services to be delivered at a future date. 3. Prepaid Expenses – assets that are prepaid and gets used up during the accounting period. 4. Depreciation – process of allocating the cost of an asset. When adjusting entries are created, they are created in real time. These entries are important so that the net profit or loss and the financial position can be established. Prepare an adjusted trial balance. Again, we have practiced a lot this week in being able to successfully and accurately adjust entries in many different financial documents and of course, adjusting entries in trial balances have been some of those documents that we have worked on. In order to be a successful accountant, being to be able to successfully adjust entries in a trial balance sheet could be the very life factor in holding in accountant position. If we are unable to accurately record a trial balance the likelihood of us being able to hold our position as accountants is slim to none.

Thinking Aloud Essay -- Reading Education Learning Essays

Thinking Aloud Reading comprehension may be the most important skill for any student to acquire and is therefore an area of particular interest to educators. Without adequate comprehension skills, students are limited in their reading, analytical and occupational abilities. To many, including the student’s themselves, comprehension or â€Å"good reading† skills begin and end with simple decoding. It is thought that if students can ‘read’ and define the vocabulary they are reading, then they also comprehend what is read. True comprehension goes far beyond decoding, however. True comprehension requires visualization of a text, predicting events in the text, making inferences about the text and clarifying what is not understood about the text in order to lead to higher level thought processes such as personally connecting with the text. Reluctant, beginning or low-skilled readers often do not have the ability to visualize, predict, inference or clarify what they are reading and so they do not truly comprehend what the text is or what it means. Too often, these readers do not understand that â€Å"good readers† go through a series of mental processes in order to comprehend the text in ways which the low-level readers never even imagined. As educators, it is our job to show reluctant, beginning or low-skilled readers what these processes are and how they work in an attempt to boost the self-confidence and independence of these readers. One excellent way to set about this is through a strategy called a â€Å"Think Aloud†. The â€Å"Think Aloud† strategy is a teaching strategy which goes beyond teacher lecturing and is actually an exchange between teacher and student. First, the teacher demonstrates and encourages t... ...pecially designed to help dependent, beginning or low-level readers to see and understand exactly what it is that â€Å"good readers† do. Showing them this breaks down barriers which the students have built up against reading and comprehension. Most of all, the Think- Aloud is a more than sufficient method for giving students the skills they need to succeed in any reading situation they may encounter, whether it be in Social Studies class or the all important, ever watchful, standardized test. Works Cited Beers, Kylene. When Kids Can’t Read: What Teachers Can Do. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann, 2003. Oster, Leslie. â€Å"Using the Think-Aloud for Reading Instruction.† The Reading Teacher 55 (September 2001): 64- 9. Wilhelm, Jeffrey D. â€Å"Think Alouds Boost Reading Comprehension.† Instructor 111 (2001): 26-8.

Outline Influence of Childhood Experiences on Adult Relationships Essay

Individuals differ in their relationships; psychologists have researched whether adult relationships are related to early experiences in life. Bowlby believes that the type of relationship the individual has with their primary caregiver gives a basis of a future relationship. This is called the internal working model. The fear of strangers represents an important survival mechanism, which is by nature, babies display social releasers which helps them ensure contact or proximity with the primary caregiver, as they similarly will with their partner in their adult relationship. Another example of the internal working model is the continuity hypothesis, which is a key theory to explaining childhood or adolescent experiences on later adult relationships, where it states that childhood relationships will affect your future relationships, Mary Ainsworth explores this by looking at our relationships as infants as concluded three types: Secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant. Secure is where the infant is in a calm state even without the presence of the primary caregiver, secure avoidant is where shows little distress, avoids contact with caregiver when returns, and insecure-resistant is when child shows a lot of distress, anxious and nervous. This demonstrates the relationship that the child has with the primary caregiver when they are present and not present. This gives the child a set of beliefs about themselves and the nature of the relationship with others, the continuity thesis see’s this as a predictive behaviour of future relationships. Hazen and Shaver also devised a theory that supports the continuity thesis, they say that when a child perceives a threat to a relationship or themselves, they will feel frightened or worried, therefore they seek the primary caregivers attention. Depending on the situation the attachment behaviour varies depending on the need of the child. They also observed adult relationships, where adults normally feel safer and more secure when their partner is nearby and responsive, the partner may be used as a secure base, when they may feel sick or threatened they will seek attention of partner which mimics their infant-mother relationship. Another psychologist Freud, also looks into unresolved conflicts as a child, he links this into adult relationships, where he concluded that this could cause difficulty forming. He explains this using our defence mechanisms. Again, Hazer and Shaver supports the thesis as they published the ‘love quiz’ in an American Newspaper, and found that the majority of responses were secure attachment which gave them long lasting happy and stable relationships, however this could be due to a social desirability, as only certain category of people would reply to the newspaper advertisement, for example middle class, or those that are happy in their relationship are more likely to respond to the ad rather than those in an unhappy unfulfilling relationship. The participants were given 3 statements which each reflected the type of attachments that Mary Ainsworth found, he found those who were securely attached trusted each other and was in a happy stable relationship, those who were insecure avoidant were uncomfortable being close to others and insecure resistant were likely to be possessive and preoccupied about their relationships. However this study has been criticised for social desirability as participants may respond different knowingly that their information would be shared, and also for being retrospective as they are doing this from memory However there has been other explanations that suggests otherwise, for example Kagan presents the temperament hypothesis where different infants simply may just have different personalities, for Kagan the strange situation measures the temperament rather than attachment and the attachment behaviours displayed are a reflection of this infants temperament. However the bizarre case study of the Czech twins would go against the continuity theory as to where their childhood attachment were abusive, unsatisfied and had no social or emotional bonds went to the opposite after they were adopted by two loving sisters who they formed a normal loving bond and both went onto have long lasting stable relationships, this doesn’t show that adult relationships replicating childhood attachments as they are still able to have normal relationships without experiencing it at childhood. The continuity thesis is also very reductionist as they don’t take in any other consideration or factors that can affect their relationships, for example peer influence, cultural differences for example, a collectivist culture is more likely to spend most their time mothering the child, so they are more likely to form an insecure attachment, but can still go on to developing normal relationships.

My Risky Adventure

My Risky Adventure For my topic, I chose to write about my most recent risky adventure. Two summers ago, my Spanish teacher put together an educational field trip to Costa Rica. We saw new things that we have never seen before. We also did things that none of us had ever done before. The scenery there was breathtaking. Most of all, the overall experience was very educational. I recommend everyone to travel out of the United States if they ever get the chance to. There are things in Costa Rica that I have never seen before. I saw my first jelly fish and got stung by many jelly fish that day.We went snorkeling off the coast of Costa Rica; it was simply amazing until I felt a sting on my ankle; I looked down and there it was a jelly fish. I will never forget that day. Costa Rica is also crowded by many volcanoes. I had never seen a volcano in person until we visited Costa Rica. The forest there is completely different also: it is much greener. Everything there is green, not like a deep forest green, but a bright, live green. It was beautiful. The trees there are huge, not only in length but also in width. Even the flowers are different there: they are all colors of the rainbow.The colors are more vivid and smell so much sweeter than the flowers back home. There are things that I also have never done before until I visited Costa Rica. First of all, I have never traveled outside of the United States. I discovered the officials of are very strict on how they allow things through customs. One of the most exciting things we did while there was riding a zip line, a zip line is where you start at the very top of something and rides it all the way down while being hooked in a harness. We went on a zip line through the tropical forest, from the canopies all the way down to the very bottom.There was wildlife all around us; we were going so fast everything looked like it was being fast-forward. All of the colors ran together, mostly it looked like a green blur. Also along th e zip line we saw monkeys, birds, and other exotic animals. I also went to my first club. It wasn’t what I expected by no means, it was most of a fiesta type party. We learned how to salsa and do other types of traditional dances there. Another fun thing we did was jump off a cliff by a water fall. It was not only the funniest thing I have ever done in my life but also the scariest.The water was so cold it felt like I was surrounded by a million ice cubes. The scenery there is just amazing. Everything is so colorful, from the green tropical forest to the bright vivid color flowers. There is every color of the rainbow, and there are flowers of every color imaginable. The ocean there is a bright crystal blue, the type of blue you can only imagine. In the far end of town you can see a line of mountains and volcanoes. The colors all work together, from the brightest of colors to dullest of the ashy grey mountains. The beauty is breath-taking but so is the poverty.Everywhere you w alked there were people on the side of the road. Not only were there humanbeings without a home and food but also animals. The last thing I am going to talk about from my experience is that it was very educational. I took Spanish for two years and I finally had the chance to actually use what I learned in class. We had to order everything in Spanish. Our tour guide made us speak to him in Spanish even though he spoke English. We learned a lot about what their lifestyles consisted of: how they prepared a meal, how they danced, and how they lived.When you go from the way you have been living your whole life to a completely different country, it makes you open your eyes to what you actually have and how lucky you do have it. In Costa Rica it really opened the world up to me: there are people out there lucky to just get one meal a day, while here we usually just throw our scraps away. I saw people digging out of the dumpster so that they could just get that one meal that day. It is very educational when you leave a place wanting to change the world and make it a better place.In conclusion, Costa Rica is the most risky adventure that I have ever taken inmy life. I was taken outside of my comfort zone and placed into a whole different world. Everything I knew here in America was nothing alike in Costa Rica. The things that I saw and the things that I have accomplished just because I decided to take a risky adventure out of the country is life changing. It made me realize just how different things are outside of our homes. I would never look back and regret going to Costa Rica. This was simply an amazing experience. If you ever get the change to go, I completely recommend it.

Chinas Rise to Communism essays

China's Rise to Communism essays The Communists were able to come to power principally because of the policies and actions used by the Kuomintang of which the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) took advantage. However in addition to this, there were also significant factors such as the conditions during the beginning of the twentieth century complications in the republic China and the Japanese War (1937-45), that led to the vulnerability and insufficiency of the GMD during the Civil War. Their leader, Chiang Kai-Shek, lost the support of the majority, mainly peasants and intellectuals, to the CCP, which contributed to their success in war, and he was no longer able to continue dictating China. In combination with GMDs actions, Mao Zedong, the communist leader was able to take over and declare, the by then already united nation, the Peoples Republic of China. The discontent in China was rooted in problems, which arose during the early twentieth century. In addition to this the CCP was able to use the situation in order to give people hope as well as help, which won the majority to the communist side. Until the early twentieth century, Chinas rule was based on dynasties, which followed the Confucian theories. The Chinese thought of their nation as Zhongguo-the center of the world, disclaiming any interest in the west. The Qing dynasty, established in 1644, ruled China over 250 years. Already during the nineteenth century, China had been weakened through foreign trade, war and influence. As the discontentment increased, the people wanted to alter the situation and showed concern about the outcome of the Boxer Rebellion. This Rebellion and its aftermath prompted some reforms in China. However, it was a case of too little, too late. The Qing dynasty was seen to be failing the people of China. It had lost its right to the Mandate from H eaven. In 1908 the Dowager Empress, CiXi, died and her three year-old grand nephew, Pu...

Laura Clay, Southern Womens Suffrage Leader

Laura Clay, Southern Womens Suffrage Leader Laura Clay Facts Known for: major Southern woman suffrage spokesperson. Clay, like many Southern suffragists, saw womens suffrage as reinforcing white supremacy and power.Occupation: reformerDates: February 9, 1849 - June 29, 1941 Laura Clay Biography Laura Clay Quote: Suffrage is Gods cause, and God leads our plans. Laura Clays mother was Mary Jane Warfield Clay, from a wealthy family prominent in Kentucky horse racing and breeding, herself an advocate of womens education and womens rights. Her father was the noted Kentucky politician Cassius Marcellus Clay, a cousin of Henry Clay, who founded an anti-slavery newspaper and helped found the Republican party. Cassius Marcellus Clay was the United States ambassador to Russia for 8 years under Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson and Ulysses S. Grant. He returned from Russia for a time and is credited with talking Lincoln into signing the Emancipation Proclamation. Laura Clay had five brothers and sisters; she was the youngest. Her older sisters were involved in working for womens rights. Mary B. Clay, one of her older sisters, organized Kentuckys first womens suffrage organization, and was president of the American Woman Suffrage Association from 1883 to 1884. Laura Clay was born at her familys home, White Hall, in Kentucky, in 1849. She was the youngest of four girls and two boys. Lauras mother, Mary Jane Clay, was largely in charge, during her husbands long absences, of managing the family farms and property inherited from her family. She saw that her daughters were educated. Cassius Marcellus Clay was from a wealthy slaveholding family. He became an anti-slavery advocate, and among other incidents where he was met with violent reactions to his ideas, he was once nearly assassinated for his views. He lost his seat in the Kentucky state House because of his abolitionist views. He was a supporter of the new Republican Party, and nearly became Abraham Lincolns vice president, losing that spot to Hannibal Hamlin. At the beginning of the Civil War, Cassius Clay helped organize volunteers to protect the White House from a Confederate takeover, when there were no federal troops in the city. During the years of the Civil War, Laura Clay attended Sayre Female Institute in Lexington, Kentucky. She attended a finishing school in New York before returning to her family home. Her father opposed to her further education. The Reality of Womens Rights From 1865 to 1869, Laura Clay helped her mother run the farms, her father still absent as ambassador to Russia. In 1869, her father returned from Russia and the next year, he moved his four-year-old Russian son into the family home at White Hall, his son from a long affair with a prima ballerina with the Russian ballet. Mary Jane Clay moved to Lexington, and Cassius sued her for divorce on grounds of abandonment, and won. (Years later, he created more scandal when he married a 15 year old servant, probably against her will as he had to restrain her from leaving. He divorced her after she attempted suicide. That marriage ended in divorce just three years later.) Under existing Kentucky laws, he could have claimed all the property his ex-wife had inherited from her family and he could have kept her from the children; he claimed his wife owed him $80,000 for her years living at White Hall. Fortunately for Mary Jane Clay, he did not pursue those claims. Mary Jane Clay and her daughters who were still unmarried lived on the farms she inherited from her family, and were supported by the income from these. But they were aware the under the existing laws, they were able to do so only because Cassius Clay did not pursue his rights to the property and income. Laura Clay managed to attend one year of college at the University of Michigan and one semester at State College of Kentucky, leaving to put her efforts into working for womens rights. Working for Womens Rights in the South Laura Clay Quote: Nothing is so laborsaving as a vote, properly applied. In 1888, the Kentucky Woman Suffrage Association was organized, and Laura Clay was elected its first president. She remained president until 1912, by which time the name had changed to the Kentucky Equal Suffrage Association. Her cousin, Madeleine McDowell Breckinridge, succeeded her as president. As head of the Kentucky Equal Suffrage Association, she led efforts to change Kentucky laws to protect married womens property rights, inspired by the situation in which her mother had been left by her divorce. The organization also worked to have female doctors on staff at state mental hospitals, and to have women admitted to State College of Kentucky (Transylvania University) and Central University. Laura Clay was also a member of the Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and she was part of the Womans Club movement, holding state offices in each organization. While Laura Clays father had been a liberal Republican and perhaps in reaction to that Laura Clay became active in Democratic Party politics. Elected to the board of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), newly merged in 1890, Clay chaired the new groups membership committee and was its first auditor. Federal or State Suffrage? Around 1910, Clay and other Southern suffragists began to be uncomfortable with efforts within the national leadership to support a federal woman suffrage amendment. This, they feared, would provide a precedent for federal interference in the voting laws of Southern states which discriminated against African Americans. Clay was among those who argued against the strategy of a federal amendment. Laura Clay was defeated in her bid for reelection to the board of the NAWSA in 1911. In 1913, Laura Clay and other Southern suffragists created their own organization, the Southern States Woman Suffrage Conference, to work for state-level womens suffrage amendments, to support voting rights only for white women. Probably hoping for compromise, she supported federal legislation to allow women to vote for members of Congress, providing the women otherwise qualified as voters in their states. This proposal was debated at NAWSA in 1914, and a bill to implement this idea was introduced into Congress in 1914, but it died in committee. In 1915-1917, like many of those involved in womens suffrage and womens rights, including Jane Addams and Carrie Chapman Catt, Laura Clay was involved in the Womans Peace Party. When the United States entered World War I, she left the Peace Party. In 1918, she briefly joined in supporting a federal amendment, when President Wilson, a Democrat, endorsed it. But then Clay resigned her membership in the NAWSA in 1919. She also resigned from the Kentucky Equal Rights Association that she had headed from 1888 to 1912. She and others formed, instead, a Kentucky-based Citizens Committee to work for a suffrage amendment to the Kentucky state constitution. In 1920, Laura Clay went to Nashville, Tennessee, to oppose ratification of the woman suffrage amendment. When it (barely) passed, she expressed her disappointment. Democratic Party Politics Laura Clay Quote: I am a Jeffersonian Democrat. In 1920, Laura Clay founded the Democratic Womens Club of Kentucky. That same year was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention. Her name was placed in nomination for President, making her the first woman so nominated at a major partys convention. She was nominated in 1923 as a Democratic candidate for the Kentucky State Senate. In 1928, she campaigned in Al Smiths presidential race. She worked after 1920 for repeal of the 18th Amendment (prohibition), even though she herself was a teetotaler and a WCTU member. She was a member of the Kentucky state convention that ratified repeal of prohibition (the 21st Amendment), primarily on states rights grounds. After 1930 After 1930, Laura Clay led mostly a private life, focusing on reform within the Episcopal church, her lifelong religious affiliation. She interrupted her privacy to oppose a law paying male teachers more than female teachers would be paid. She worked mostly within the church on womens rights, especially on allowing women to be delegates to church councils, and on permitting women to attend the Episcopal churchs University of the South. Laura Clay died in Lexington in 1941. The family home, White Hall, is a Kentucky historical site today. Laura Clays Positions Laura Clay supported womens equal rights to education and to the vote. At the same time, she believed that black citizens were not yet developed enough to vote. She did support, in principle, educated women of all races getting the vote, and spoke at times against ignorant white voters. She contributed to an African American church project aimed at self-improvement. But she also supported states rights, supported the idea of white superiority, and feared federal interference in Southern states voting laws, and so, except briefly, did not support a federal amendment for woman suffrage. Connections The boxer Muhammed Ali, born Cassius Marcellus Clay, was named for his father who was named for Laura Clays father. Books About Laura Clay Paul E. Fuller. Laura Clay and the Womans Rights Movement 1975.John M. Murphy. Laura Clay (1894-1941), a Southern Voice for Womans Rights. Women Public Speakers in the United States, 1800-1925: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook. Karlyn Kohrs Campbell, ed. 1993.

Orignial topic - adopting a positive or negative viewpoint Essay - 1

Orignial topic - adopting a positive or negative viewpoint - Essay Example Environmental Damage Genetically modifies foods could pose a great threat to environment. According to Revill, â€Å"The genetically-modified crops could cross-pollinate with the other plants and create super hybrids and super-weeds. They could contaminate nearby organic farms, which could then lose their organic status (2004, p.4).† It takes millions of years for an eco system to grow and stabilize. In that context, the genetically modified plants may interfere with the stability of the eco system in which they are introduced by inadvertently introducing new and unwanted traits in the natural existing strains of plants, thereby leading to hazardous and dangerous results. Risks Posed to Food Chain Many a genetically modified foods do have the ability to produce chemicals that acts as natural pesticides. Now the thing is that the natural pesticides that the genetically modified plants contain, though intended to protect them against pests, may be consumed by other beneficial in sects and animals residing in their vicinity. Not to mention these natural chemicals inherent in the genetically modified foods could threaten the existence of species that are beneficial to humanity.

Operation Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 17000 words

Operation Management - Assignment Example gy, Infrastructure, Globalization: 35 Chapter 3: Existing Problems and Weaknesses of Operations Management in the Company: 36 Part 1: Reduced Earnings in the Recent Years: 36 Part 2: Independent Franchise Dealers Being Weaknesses: 38 Part 3: Weaknesses of Operations Management Leadership Program: 39 Part 4: Problems with Plant Applications Production Management: 40 Chapter 4: Need for Re-orientation: 41 Part 1: Overcoming the Problems with Operations and Reorient towards More Cost Effective Operations Management: 42 Part 2: GE Invests Over EUR 85 Million In Germany For Operations Reorientation: 43 Part 3: Improving the Entry Level Leadership Programs for Better Management: 45 Conclusion and Recommendations: 46 References 50 Introduction: Operations management of any business organization deals with the management and operations of products and processes, and supply and delivery of products and services from the company to its end consumers (What is Operations Management? 2013). Thus it involves optimized utilization of available resources towards effective production and delivery of products and services. There are different levels of operations followed in an organization depending on which strategies and tactics are planned (What is Operations Management? 2013). Areas of business concerned with management of production and distribution of products: Logistics and supply chain management are essential parts of the operations management of a business organization that is concerned with the administration of production and distribution of products. Logistics enables a planned structure for the flow of production and information throughout the business (Sekhar 2009). Thus the different processes of operations are linked with the help of logistics. Supply chain management is in charge of the entire responsibility of production of products and services and passing them to the end consumers without causing delay in the processes. The basic functions concerned by the supply chain include design of the products, procurement, production, management of demand, and distribution (Sekhar 2009). Product design is concerned with generating products that can satisfy the needs of consumers. It involves design of the product, its engineering and packaging as well. Procurement refers to gathering the necessary materials in order to produce the actual products (Sekhar 2009). Production is the process that transforms the raw materials into finished products to be offered to the customers. Demand management involves managing the flow of the demand from the market with the ability of the company to meet the demands (Sekhar 2009). Distribution is the

Nature Imagery in Wuthering Heights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nature Imagery in Wuthering Heights - Essay Example Characters played by Cathy and Heathcliff and key locations of Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights depict frequent use of symbolism in the structure of themes and imagery in the novel. The whole novel fundamentally revolves around the thesis: How the use of nature imagery depicts the mutual existence of â€Å"good and evil† in relation to the key characters in the novel who become self aware of their feelings and bond.   Nature imagery depicts the contrast of Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights: The central locations of Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights signify the apparent contrast between them as the main action sites with the use of nature imagery. The integral part of Wuthering Heights is apparent in the novel. Characters involved in the plot of novel are Lockwood, Nelly, Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley, Catherine, and Heathcliffe. The story begins with Lockwood renting a manor house called Thrushcross Grange. The manor house is owned by his landlord, Heathcliff. Nelly Dean, who happens to be Heathcliffe’s housekeeper, narrates the story of Heathcliff and the strange citizens of Wuthering Heights. ... Also, Catherine chooses to marry Edgar because of the peace, calm and protection offered by the Thrushcross Grange Valley. The similarity between Grange and heaven shows up when Catherine describes her experience with heaven in these words, â€Å"... heaven did not seem to be my home, and I broke my heart with weeping to come back to earth; and the angels were so angry that they flung me out into the middle of the heath where I woke sobbing for joy† (Bronte 64). On the other hand, Wuthering Heights is described as a hell because of many similarities between the two. It is described as a dark place with dark complexioned and dark haired inhabitants. Lockwood explains in the very beginning of the novel that Wuthering is â€Å"a significant provincial adjective, descriptive of the atmospheric tumult to which its station is exposed in stormy weather"(Bronte 4). Furthermore, Lockwood describes Heathcliff as â€Å"a dark-skinned gypsy in aspect, in dress and manners a gentleman, t hat is, as much a gentleman as many a country squire† (Bronte 6).   Nature imagery depicts the depth of relationships: At their young age, Catherine and Heathcliff like each other and their relationship grows stronger with the passage of time. The role of nature imagery in the lives of the main characters highlights the destructive power of love. Particularly, the character of Heathcliff represents the destructive power of love through the growing relationship of Catherine and Edgar. Catherine comes from Wuthering Height while Edgar belongs to Thrushcross Grange. Heathcliff develops a strong sense of hatred towards Edgar Linton upon hearing the news of Catherine’s approval of Edgar’s proposal of marriage. Catherine made Heathcliff leave

A Business Value Of Service Transition Information Technology Essay

A Business Value Of Service Transition Information Technology Essay Plan and manage the capacity and resources required to package, build, test and deploy a release into production and establish the service specified in the customer and stakeholder requirements Provide a consistent and rigorous framework for evaluating the service capability and risk profile before a new or changed service is released or deployed Establish and maintain the integrity of all identified service assets and configurations as they evolve through the Service Transition stage Provide good-quality knowledge and information so that change, Release and Deployment Management can expedite effective decisions about promoting a release through the test environments and into production Provide efficient repeatable build and installation mechanisms that can be used to deploy releases to the test and production environments and be rebuilt if required to restore service Ensure that the service can be managed, operated and supported in accordance with the requirements and constraints specified within the Service Design. (Service Transition 2.4.1) Objectives Of Service Transition Manage resources to enable the transition of a service into production within the predicted cost, quality and time estimates Ensure that there is minimal unpredicted impact on the production services, operations, and support organization Increase the customer, user and service management staff satisfaction with the service transition practices, including deployment of the new or changed service, communications, release documentation, training and knowledge transfer Increase proper use of the services and underlying applications and technology solutions Provide clear and comprehensive plans that enable the customer and business change projects to align their activities with the service transition plans (Service Transition 2.4.1) Business Value Of Service Transition Service Transition also adds value to the business by improving: The ability to adapt quickly to new requirements and market developments (competitive edge) Transition management of mergers, de-mergers, acquisitions and transfer of services The success rate of Changes and Releases for the business The predictions of service levels and warranties for new and changed services Confidence in the degree of compliance with business and governance requirements during change The variation of actual against estimated and approved resource plans / budgets The productivity of business and Customer staff because of better planning and use of new and changed services Timely cancellation or changes to maintenance contracts for both hardware and software when components are disposed of or de-commissioned Understanding the level of risk during and after change; for example, service outage, disruption or re-work (Service Transition 2.4.3) Basic SACM Concepts Configuration Item (CI) A Configuration Item (CI) is an asset, service component or other item that is, or will be, under the control of Configuration Management. CI Types include: Service Lifecycle CIs (e.g.: Business cases; service management plans; service lifecycle plans; Service Design Packages (SDPs); release and change plans; test plans) Service CIs (e.g.: Service capability assets: management, organization, processes, knowledge, people; service resource assets: financial capital, systems, applications, information, data, infrastructure and facilities, people; service models; service packages; release packages; service acceptance criteria) Organization CIs (e.g.: Business strategy; policies; regulatory or statutory requirements; products shared by more than one group; internal CIs: tangible and intangible assets that are required to deliver and maintain the service and infrastructure) External CIs (e.g.: External customer requirements and agreements; releases from suppliers or sub-contractors and external services) Configuration Model Configuration Management delivers a required logical model of the services, assets and the infrastructure by recording the relationships between CIs. Relationships A relationship is a link between two CIs that identifies a dependency or connection between them. For example, applications may be linked to the servers they run on; IT services have many links to all the CIs that contribute to them. Configuration Management Database (CMDB) A database used to manage configuration records throughout their lifecycle. The CMDB records the attributes of each CI, and relationships with other CIs. A CMDB may also contain other information linked to CIs, for example incident, problem or change records. The CMDB is maintained by Configuration Management and is used by all IT Service Management processes. Configuration Management System (CMS) The CMS holds all of the information for CIs within the designated scope. The CMS maintains the relationships between all service components and any related service management records / documentation. Typically, the CMS will also hold data about employees, suppliers, locations and business units, customers and users. (Service Transition 4.3.4.2) Definitive Media Library (DML) The exact configuration of the DML is defined during the planning activities. The definition includes: Medium, physical location, hardware and software to be used, if kept online. Some Configuration Management support tools incorporate software libraries, which can be regarded as a logical part of a DML Naming conventions for file store areas and physical media Environments supported (e.g.: Test and live environments) Security arrangements for submitting Changes and issuing software, plus backup and recovery procedures The scope of the DML (e.g.: Source code, object code from controlled builds and associated documentation) Retention period Capacity plans for the DML and procedures for monitoring growth in size Audit procedures Procedures to ensure that the DML is protected from erroneous or unauthorized Change (e.g.: Entry and exit criteria for items) (Service Transition 4.3.4.3) The Configuration Management System (CMS) holds all the information for CIs within the designated scope. Some of these items will have related specifications or files that contain the contents of the item (e.g.: software, document). For example, a service CI will include the details such as supplier, cost, purchase date and renewal date for licenses and maintenance contracts and the related documentation such as SLAs and underpinning contracts. The CMS is also used for a wide range of purposes, for example asset data held in a CMS (CMDB data) may be made available to external financial asset management systems to perform specific asset management process reporting outside of Configuration Management. The CMS maintains the relationships between all service components and any related incidents, problems, Known Errors, change and release documentation and may also contain corporate data about employees, suppliers, locations and business units, customers and users. (Service Transition 4.3.4.3) SACM Activities Management Planning There is no standard template for determining the optimum approach for SACM. The management team and configuration management should decide what level of Configuration Management is required for the selected service or project that is delivering changes and how this level will be achieved. This is documented in a configuration management plan. Configuration Identification Define and document criteria for selecting Configuration Items (CIs)and the components that compose them Select the CIs and the components that compose them based on documented criteria Assign unique identifiers to CIs Specify the relevant attributes of each CI Specify when each CI is placed under Configuration Management Identify the owner responsible for each CI Configuration Control Configuration control ensures that there are adequate control mechanisms over CIs while maintaining a record of changes to status, approvals, location and custodianship/ ownership. Without control of the physical or electronic assets and components, the configuration data and information there will be a mismatch with the physical world. Status Accounting Reporting Each asset or CI will have one or more discrete states through which it can progress. The significance of each state should be defined in terms of what use can be made of the asset or CI. There will typically be a range of states relevant to the individual asset or CIs. Verification Audit The activities include a series of reviews or audits to ensure: There is conformity between the documented baselines (e.g.: agreements, interface control documents) and the actual business environment to which they refer To verify the physical existence of CIs in the organization or in the DML and spares stores, the functional and operational characteristics of CIs and to check that the records in the Configuration Management System (CMS) match the physical infrastructure Checking that release and configuration documentation is present before making a release (Service Transition 4.3.5) Updates to asset and configuration information are triggered by change requests, purchase orders, acquisitions and service requests. Some of the more noteworthy interfaces are: Change Management identifying the impact of proposed changes Financial management capturing key financial information such as cost, depreciation methods, owner and user (for budgeting and cost allocation), maintenance and repair costs ITSCM awareness of assets the business services depend on, control of key spares and software Incident/problem/error providing and maintaining key diagnostic information; maintenance and provision of data to the Service Desk Availability management detection of points of failure Service Asset Configuration Management Practical Application Audit your PCs to see if what you actually have is what has been recorded. Is there more than one PC per person? Can this be justified? Are there any extras which could be disposed of? Define those service components which are truly critical these are most likely your CIs and start tracking them and their relationships. Discover where configuration information is already being maintained, and leverage any information of value in creating a single virtual repository. Are there relationships between components in one repository and those in another? These should be tracked. place text Basic Change Management Concepts Service Change A Service Change is a change to an existing service or the introduction of a new service. It is the addition, modification or removal of authorized, planned or supported service or service component and its associated documentation. Normal Change Any change that follows the normal change process is considered a normal change. Normal changes can include changes to services, the service portfolio, service improvement projects, etc. Standard Change A pre-approved change that is low risk is relatively common and follows a procedure or work instruction; for example, provision of standard equipment to a new employee. They are logged and tracked using a different mechanism, such as a Service Request. Emergency Change An emergency change is a change that must be introduced as soon as possible; for example, to resolve a major incident or implement a security patch. The Change Management process will normally have a specific procedure for handling Emergency Changes. Remediation planning No change should be approved without having explicitly addressed the question of what to do if it is not successful. Ideally, there will be a back-out plan, which will restore the organization to its initial situation, often through the reloading of a baselined set of CIs, especially software and data. However, not all changes are reversible, in which case an alternative approach to remediation is required. Change Advisory Board The Change Advisory Board (CAB) is a body that exists to support the authorization of changes and to assist Change Management in the assessment and prioritization of changes. Emergency Change Advisory Board Emergency changes are sometimes required and should be designed carefully and tested before use or the impact of the emergency change may be greater than the original incident. Emergency changes may document some details retrospectively. The number of emergency changes proposed should be kept to an absolute minimum, because they are generally more disruptive and prone to failure. Emergency change authorization Defined authorization levels will exist for an emergency change, and the levels of delegated authority must be clearly documented and understood. In an emergency it may not be possible to convene a full CAB meeting. Where CAB approval is required, this will be provided by the Emergency CAB (ECAB). Change Management Practical Application Create a CAB and begin holding meetings to assess changes. Develop a change model that provides an authority model for assessing and authorizing changes based upon the change type. Determine if there are any changes made without being assessed by the CAB. Did any of these result in degradation or loss of service? Consider changing the categorization of these in the future to be included with those the CAB assesses. Ensure timelines for change assessment are documented and agreed in SLAs, OLAs, and UCs. Change model A repeatable way of dealing with a particular category of change. A change model defines specific pre-defined steps that will be followed for a change of this category. Change models may be very simple, with no requirement for approval, or may be very complex with many steps that require approval (e.g.: major software release). Change process models and workflows Organizations will find it helpful to predefine change process models and apply them to appropriate changes when they occur. A process model is a way of predefining the steps that should be taken to handle a process (in this case a process for dealing with a particular type of change) in an agreed way. Support tools can then be used to manage the required process. This will ensure that such changes are handled in a predefined path and to predefined timescales. Changes that require specialized handling could be treated in this way, such as emergency changes that may have different authorization and may be documented retrospectively. The change process model includes: The steps that should be taken to handle the change including handling issues and unexpected events The chronological order these steps should be taken in, with any dependences or co-processing defined Responsibilities: who should do what Timescales and thresholds for completion of the actions Escalation procedures; who should be contacted and when These models are usually input to the Change Management support tools in use and the tools then automate the handling, management, reporting and escalation of the process. Example of types of request by service lifecycle stage Type of change with examples Documented work procedures SS SD ST SO CSI Request for change to service portfolios New portfolio line item To predicted scope, Business Case, baseline Service pipeline Service change management Æ’Â ¼ Request for Change to Service or service Definition To existing or planned service attributes Project change that impacts Service Design, e.g. forecasted warranties Service improvement Service change management Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Project change proposal Business change No impact on service or design baseline Project change management procedure Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ User access request User access procedure Æ’Â ¼ Operational activity Tuning (within specification/constraints) Re-boot hardware on failure if no impact on other services Planned maintenance Local procedure (often pre-authorized) Æ’Â ¼ Seven Rs Of Change Management Who RAISED the change? It is important to have the information on who is representing the Change in case further clarification about the Change is needed. There are also instances where the priority of a Change can be affected by the position or department where the Change originated. What is the REASON for the change? It is important to know why the change is being requested. Some examples could include: Quality Performance Compliance Maintenance Defects What is the RETURN required from the change? What benefit can the organization, department, support personnel or customer expect from the change? What are the RISKS involved in the change? All changes have a risk which could range anywhere from processing being delayed to the entire organization not being able to provide service to its customers. It is important to understand what the risk is so that appropriate precautions can be taken in the timing and execution of the change. What RESOURCES are required to deliver the change? In every change there are a number of resources that need to be considered such as: Human Financial External Internal Who is RESPONSIBLE for the build, test and implementation of the change? It is important to identify all the parties involved in bringing a change to realization and that the managers are informed as to the role their people will play in implementing the change. What is the RELATIONSHIP between this change and other changes? The complication of the interaction, dependencies and relationships of changes cannot be overemphasized. It is not uncommon to have parallel multiple changes that can affect each other at any point in their critical paths. It is essential to understand this and to accommodate for it in order to avoid an increase in unplanned outages and failure in your change process. (Service Transition 4.2.6.4) Change Management Activities Record RFC The change is raised by a request from the initiator an individual or a group. Review RFC Change Management should briefly consider each request and filter based on: Reasons To Accept Reasons To Reject Practical Impractical New RFC Repeats of earlier RFCs: Information complete Already accepted Information accurate Rejected Has the necessary budgetary approval Still under consideration Incomplete submissions: Inadequate description Without necessary budgetary approval Assess Evaluate Change The issue of risk to the business of any change must be considered prior to the authorization of any change. Many organizations use a simple matrix to categorize risk. Authorize Change Formal authorization is obtained for each change from a change authority that may be a role, person or a group of people. Plan Updates Careful planning of changes will ensure that there is no ambiguity about what tasks are included in the Change Management process, what tasks are included in other processes and how processes interface to any suppliers or projects that are providing a change or release. Coordinate Change Implementation Authorized RFCs should be passed to the relevant technical groups for building of the changes. It is best practice to do this in a formal way that can be tracked. Review Close Record On completion of the change: Results are reported Evaluation takes place If successful, the record is closed If failed, the record is closed (Service Transition 4.2.6) Change Management Relationships Business Change Management Changes to any business or project deliverables that do not impact IT services or components may be subject to business or project change management procedures rather than the IT service Change Management procedures. However, care must be taken to ensure that changes to service configuration baselines and releases do follow the Change Management process. The Change Management team will, however, be expected to liaise closely with projects to ensure smooth implementation and consistency within the changing management environments. Project Management Project management must work in partnership to align all the processes and people involved in service change initiatives. The closer they are aligned, the higher the probability that the change effort will be moved forward for as long as it takes to complete. Change Management representatives may attend relevant Project Board meetings. Supplier Management Effective Change Management practices and principles must be put into place, in conjunction with Supplier Management, to manage supplier relationships effectively to ensure smooth delivery of service. Effort also should be put into finding out how well the partners themselves manage change and choose partner and sourcing relationships accordingly. Service Asset Configuration Management The Configuration Management System provides reliable, quick and easy access to accurate configuration information to enable stakeholders and staff to assess the impact of proposed changes and to track changes work flow. This information enables the correct asset and service component versions to be released to the appropriate party or into the correct environment. As changes are implemented, the Configuration Management information is updated. Problem Management Problem Management is another key process as changes are often required to implement workarounds and to fix known errors. Problem Management is one of the major sources of RFCs and also often a major contributor to CAB discussion. IT Service Continuity IT Service Continuity has many procedures and plans that should be updated via Change Management to ensure that they are accurate, up to date and that stakeholders are aware of changes. Security Management Security Management interfaces with Change Management since changes required by security will go via the Change Management process and security will be a key contributor to CAB discussion on many services. Every significant change will be assessed for its potential impact on the security plan. Capacity Demand Management Capacity and Demand Management are critical aspects of Change Management. Poorly managed demand is a source of costs and risk for service providers because there is always a level of uncertainty associated with the demand for services. Capacity Management has an important role in assessing proposed changes not only the individual changes but the total impact of changes on service capacity. Changes arising from Capacity Management, including those set out in the capacity plan, will be initiated as RFCs through the change process. (Service Transition 4.2.7.3 and 4.2.7.4) NOTES: The goal of Release and Deployment Management is to deploy releases into production and establish effective use of the service in order to deliver value to the customer and be able to handover to service operations. Release and Deployment Management aims to build, test and deliver the capability to provide the services specified by Service Design and that will accomplish the stakeholders requirements and deliver the intended objectives. The following objectives are also important for the Release and Deployment Management process: Ensure knowledge transfer to enable the customers and users to optimize their use of the service to support their business activities Ensure that skills and knowledge are transferred to operations and support staff Ensure minimal unpredicted impact on the production services, operations and support organization Ensure that customers, users and service management staff are satisfied with the service transition practices and outputs (Service Transition 4.4.1) Basic RDM Concepts Release Policy Includes the unique identification, numbering and naming conventions, roles, responsibilities, time tables, frequency and other requirements pertaining to how releases will be handled. Release Unit Identifies the portion of the service or infrastructure that is normally released together in accordance with an organizations release policy. The unit may vary, depending on the type or item of software and hardware. Release Package The package may contain multiple release units such as hardware, software, applications and documentation. Release Design Options Service Design will define the approach to transitioning from the current service to the new or changed service or service offering. Common options are: Big bang vs. phased Big bang option the new or changed service is deployed to all user areas in one operation. Phased approach the service is deployed to a part of the user base initially, and then this operation is repeated for subsequent parts of the user base via a scheduled rollout plan. Push and pull A push approach is used where the service component is deployed from the centre and pushed out to the target locations. A pull approach is used for software releases where the software is made available in a central location but users are free to pull the software down to their own location at a time of their choosing or when a user workstation restarts. Automation vs. manual Automation will help to ensure repeatability and consistency. If a manual mechanism is used it is important to monitor and measure the impact of many repeated manual activities as they are likely to be inefficient and error-prone. Release and Deployment Models Models enable consistency and repeatability when preparing releases for deployment and will incorporate a variety of criteria and guidelines. DIKW represents the hierarchical progression from data to wisdom. Data is a set of discrete facts about events Information comes from providing context to data Knowledge is composed of the tacit experiences, ideas, insights, values and judgments of individuals Wisdom gives the ultimate discernment of the material and having the application and contextual awareness to provide a strong common sense judgment Service Analytics Instrumentation Service Analytics is useful to model existing infrastructure components and support services to the higher-level business services. This model is built on dependencies rather than topology causality rather than correlation. Infrastructure events are then tied to corresponding business processes. This is as far along the DIKW hierarchy as modern technologies allow. It is well understood that no computer-based technology can provide wisdom. It requires people to provide evaluated understanding, to answer and appreciate the Why? questions. (Service Transition 4.7.4) Specifically within ITSM, Knowledge Management will be focused within the Service Knowledge Management System (SKMS) concerned, as its name implies, with knowledge. Underpinning this knowledge will be a considerable quantity of data, held in a central logical repository or Configuration Management System (CMS) and Configuration Management Database (CMDB). However, clearly the SKMS is a broader concept that covers a much wider base of knowledge, for example: The experience of staff Records of peripheral matters (e.g.: Weather, user numbers and behavior, organizations performance figures Suppliers and partners requirements, abilities and expectations Typical and anticipated user skill levels